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【CSharp】爱因斯坦谜题：谁养鱼
作者:叶帆工作室 / 发布于2013/7/19/ 891

	//[叶帆工作室] http://blog.csdn.net/yefanqiu
	#define FastCompute
	using System;
	using System.Collections.Generic;
	using System.ComponentModel;
	using System.Data;
	using System.Drawing;
	using System.Text;
	using System.Windows.Forms;
	using System.Diagnostics;

	namespace Einstein
	{
	 public partial class frmMain : Form
	 {
	 public frmMain()
	 {
	 InitializeComponent();
	 }

	 private void btnRun_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
	 {
	 Arithmetic arithmetic = new Arithmetic();
	 DateTime dt = DateTime.Now;
	 string result = arithmetic.DoResult();
	 MessageBox.Show(result + "/r/n耗时:" + (DateTime.Now - dt).TotalSeconds.ToString() + "秒");
	 }
	 }

	 public class Arithmetic
	 {
	 string[] people = new string[] { "英国", "瑞典", "丹麦", "挪威", "德国" };
	 string[] house = new string[] { "红", "绿", "白", "黄", "蓝" };
	 string[] drink = new string[] { "茶", "咖啡", "牛奶", "啤酒", "水" };
	 string[] smoke = new string[] { "Pall Mall", "Dunhill", "Blends", "Blue Master", "Prince" };
	 string[] pet = new string[] { "狗", "鸟", "猫", "马", "鱼" };

	 List<string[]> lstCombination = new List<string[]>(); //存放全部结果（预删减后的结果）
	 List<string[]> lstCombination0 = new List<string[]>();
	 List<string[]> lstCombination1 = new List<string[]>();
	 List<string[]> lstCombination2 = new List<string[]>();
	 List<string[]> lstCombination3 = new List<string[]>();
	 List<string[]> lstCombination4 = new List<string[]>();
	
	 public string DoResult()
	 {
	 string[,] result = new string[5, 5];

	 //生成全部的组合
	 MakeCombination();
	 //预剔除不符合条件的组合
	 EliminateCombination();
	 //获得有可能的组合0
	 EliminateCombination0();
	 //获得有可能的组合1
	 EliminateCombination1();
	 //获得有可能的组合2
	 EliminateCombination2();
	 //获得有可能的组合3
	 EliminateCombination3();
	 //获得有可能的组合4
	 EliminateCombination4();

	 string strInfo = "";
	 int intNum = 0;

	 for (int i = 0; i < lstCombination0.Count; i++)
	 {
	 ToCombination(result, 0, lstCombination0,i);
	 for (int j =0; j < lstCombination1.Count; j++)
	 {
	 ToCombination(result, 1, lstCombination1,j);
	 for (int k = 0; k < lstCombination2.Count; k++)
	 {
	 ToCombination(result, 2,lstCombination2, k);
	 for (int l =0; l < lstCombination3.Count; l++)
	 {
	 ToCombination(result, 3,lstCombination3, l);
	 for (int m =0; m < lstCombination4.Count; m++)
	 {
	 ToCombination(result, 4,lstCombination4, m);

	 bool Flag=true;
	 for (int e = 0; e < 5; e++)
	 {
	 if (result[0, e] == result[1, e] || result[0, e] == result[2, e] || result[0, e] == result[3, e] || result[0, e] == result[4, e] ||
	 result[1, e] == result[2, e] || result[1, e] == result[3, e] || result[1, e] == result[4, e] ||
	 result[2, e] == result[3, e] || result[2, e] == result[4, e] ||
	 result[3, e] == result[4, e])
	 {
	 Flag = false;
	 break;
	 }
	 }
	
	 //判断组合是否成立
	 if (Flag && Judge(result))
	 {
	 strInfo += "---------------- " + (++intNum).ToString()+" ----------------/r/n";
	 for (int ii = 0; ii < 5; ii++)
	 {
	 for (int jj = 0; jj < 5; jj++)
	 {
	 strInfo += result[ii, jj] + " ";
	 }
	 strInfo += "/r/n";
	 }
	#if FastCompute
	 strInfo += "------------------------------------/r/n";
	 return strInfo;
	#endif
	 }
	 }
	 }
	 }
	 }
	 }

	 strInfo += "------------------------------------/r/n";
	 return strInfo;
	 }

	 private void ToCombination(string[,] result,int index, List<string[]> lst,int num)
	 {
	 for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	 {
	 result[index, i] = lst[num][i];
	 }
	 }

	 //生成全部的组合
	 private void MakeCombination()
	 {
	 string[] combination = new string[5];

	 //5*5*5*5*5=3125
	 for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) //国籍
	 {
	 combination[0] = people[i];
	 for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) //房子
	 {
	 combination[1] = house[j];
	 for (int k = 0; k < 5; k++) //饮料
	 {
	 combination[2] = drink[k];
	 for (int l = 0; l < 5; l++) //香烟
	 {
	 combination[3] = smoke[l];
	 for (int m = 0; m < 5; m++) //宠物
	 {
	 combination[4] = pet[m];
	 lstCombination.Add((string[])combination.Clone());
	 }
	 }
	 }
	 }
	 }
	 }

	 //剔除组合的判断条件
	 private bool JudgeCombination(string[] combination)
	 {
	 //1、英国住红房子
	 if (combination[0] == "英国" && combination[1] != "红") return false;
	 //2、瑞典养狗
	 if (combination[0] == "瑞典" && combination[4] != "狗") return false;
	 //3、丹麦喝茶
	 if (combination[0] == "丹麦" && combination[2] != "茶") return false;
	 //5、绿房子主喝咖啡
	 if (combination[1] == "绿" && combination[2] != "咖啡") return false;
	 //6、抽Pall Mall香烟的养鸟
	 if (combination[3] == "Pall Mall" && combination[4] != "鸟") return false;
	 //7、黄房子主抽Dunhill香烟
	 if (combination[1] == "黄" && combination[3] != "Dunhill") return false;
	 //12、抽Blue Master的喝啤酒
	 if (combination[3] == "Blue Master" && combination[2] != "啤酒") return false;
	 //13、德国抽Prince香烟
	 if (combination[0] == "德国" && combination[3] != "Prince") return false;
	 return true;
	 }

	 //预剔除不符合条件的组合
	 private void EliminateCombination()
	 {
	 string[] combination=new string[5];
	 int num=lstCombination.Count;
	 int index = 0;
	 while ((num--)>0)
	 {
	 if (!JudgeCombination(lstCombination[index]))
	 {
	 lstCombination.RemoveAt(index);
	 }
	 else
	 {
	 index++;
	 }
	 }
	 }

	 //创建组合0
	 private void EliminateCombination0()
	 {
	 lstCombination0.Clear();
	 foreach (string[] combination in lstCombination)
	 {
	 //combination[1] != "红" && combination[1] != "蓝" && combination[1] != "白" && combination[1] != "绿"
	#if FastCompute
	 if (combination[0] == "挪威" && combination[1] == "黄" && combination[2] != "牛奶" && combination[2] != "茶" && combination[3] != "Prince" && combination[4] != "狗")
	#else
	 if (combination[0] == "挪威" && combination[1] != "红" && combination[1] != "蓝" && combination[1] != "白" && combination[2] != "牛奶" && combination[2] != "茶" && combination[3] != "Prince" && combination[4] != "狗")
	#endif
	 {
	 lstCombination0.Add(combination);
	 }
	 }
	 }

	 //创建组合1
	 private void EliminateCombination1()
	 {
	 lstCombination1.Clear();
	 foreach (string[] combination in lstCombination)
	 {
	 if (combination[0] != "挪威" && combination[1] == "蓝" && combination[2] != "牛奶")
	 {
	 lstCombination1.Add(combination);
	 }
	 }
	 }

	 //创建组合2
	 private void EliminateCombination2()
	 {
	 lstCombination2.Clear();
	 foreach (string[] combination in lstCombination)
	 {
	#if FastCompute
	 if (combination[0] != "挪威" && combination[0] != "丹麦" && combination[1] != "蓝" && combination[1] != "黄" && combination[1] != "白" && combination[2] == "牛奶")
	#else
	 if (combination[0] != "挪威" && combination[0] != "丹麦" && combination[1] != "蓝" && combination[2] == "牛奶")
	#endif
	 {
	 lstCombination2.Add(combination);
	 }
	 }
	 }

	 //创建组合3
	 private void EliminateCombination3()
	 {
	 lstCombination3.Clear();
	 foreach (string[] combination in lstCombination)
	 {
	#if FastCompute
	 if (combination[0] != "挪威" && combination[1] != "黄" && combination[1] != "蓝" && combination[2] != "牛奶")
	#else
	 if (combination[0] != "挪威" && combination[1] != "蓝" && combination[2] != "牛奶")
	#endif
	 {
	 lstCombination3.Add(combination);
	 }
	 }
	 }

	 //创建组合4
	 private void EliminateCombination4()
	 {
	 lstCombination4.Clear();
	 foreach (string[] combination in lstCombination)
	 {
	#if FastCompute
	 if (combination[0] != "挪威" && combination[1] != "黄" && combination[1] != "蓝" && combination[1] != "绿" && combination[2] != "牛奶")
	#else
	 if (combination[0] != "挪威" && combination[1] != "蓝" && combination[1] != "绿" && combination[2] != "牛奶")
	#endif
	 {
	 lstCombination4.Add(combination);
	 }
	 }
	 }
	
	 //判断
	 private static bool Judge(string[,] combination)
	 {
	 for (int index = 0;index < 5; index++)
	 {
	 //4、绿房子在白房子左面
	#if FastCompute
	 if (index > 0 && combination[index, 1] == "白" && combination[index - 1, 1] != "绿") return false;
	#else
	 if (combination[index, 1] == "白")
	 {
	 for (int i = index + 1; i < 5; i++)
	 {
	 if (combination[i, 1] == "绿") //绿房子不可能出现在白房子的右边
	 return false;
	 }
	 }
	#endif
	 //8、住在中间的喝牛奶
	 if (combination[2, 2] != "牛奶") return false;
	 //9、挪威住第一间房
	 if (combination[0, 0] != "挪威") return false;
	 //10、抽Blends香烟的住在养猫的隔壁
	 if (combination[index, 3] == "Blends")
	 {
	 if(!((index>0 && combination[index-1,4]=="猫") || (index<4 && combination[index+1,4]=="猫")))
	 {
	 return false;
	 }
	 }
	 //11、养马住在抽Dunhill香烟的隔壁
	 if (combination[index, 4] == "马")
	 {
	 if (!((index > 0 && combination[index - 1, 3] == "Dunhill") || (index < 4 && combination[index + 1, 3] == "Dunhill")))
	 {
	 return false;
	 }
	 }
	 //14、挪威住蓝房子隔壁
	 if (combination[index, 0] == "挪威")
	 {
	 if (!((index > 0 && combination[index - 1, 1] == "蓝") || (index < 4 && combination[index + 1, 1] == "蓝")))
	 {
	 return false;
	 }
	 }
	 //15、抽Blends香烟的人有一个喝水的邻居
	 if (combination[index, 3] == "Blends")
	 {
	 if (!((index > 0 && combination[index - 1, 2] == "水") || (index < 4 && combination[index + 1, 2] == "水")))
	 {
	 return false;
	 }
	 }
	 }

	 return true;
	 }

	 }
	}
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